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In the wake of the Chinese conflict in 1962, it was felt that the borders of the country could not be protected with the force of rifles alone. It required the backing and resolute will of a committed border population. A need was realized for the creation of a unique, unconventional, specialized organization which would function in the far away, vulnerable, strategic, remote, climatically and topographically difficult border areas and motivate the border population across several states towards the cause of protecting our national sovereignty.

The Special Service Bureau (now Sashastra Seema Bal) was created in March, 1963 with the objective of achieving Total security preparedness in the remote border areas for performing a stay-behind role in the event of a war. SSB was started in North Assam, North Bengal, hill districts of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, part of Punjab and Ladakh area of J&K under the founder Director, Shri B N Mullik. He led the Special Service Bureau from the front as the initial years were fraught with apprehensions on the prospects of another Chinese attack. The Officers and personnels patriotism was at test as the vulnerability of working in isolation without support systems to fall back did challenge their zeal and determination. However, the appropriate support and cooperation that came from PMs, Dy PMs, Governors, CMs, etc., bolstered our endeavours, immensely.

Based on its performance, in just a few years, SSBs jurisdiction was extended to Manipur, Tripura and Jammu (1965), Meghalaya (1975), Sikkim (1976), Rajasthan (1985), South Bengal, Nagaland and Mizoram (1989). Its area of coverage increased to 15 states and encompassed a population of more than 5.73 crores living in about 80,000 villages and about 9917 Kms of Indias international borders.

The AORs were managed by Inspector General level Officers in ten SSB Divisions comprising of 49 Areas, 117 Sub Areas and 287 Circles. These were the key centres coordinating and supervising all activities to fulfill SSBs obligations. It also had 25 battalions of combatised personnel who provided the arms training to the volunteers and formed the hard core of the armed village resistance groups. These personnel were spread out across, 32 Group Centres, 14 Training Centres and 3 Storage Depots. Training Schools were set up in various parts of the country starting with Frontier Administrative Officers Training Centre at Mahabaleshwar in October, 1963. Besides this, one Group Leaders Training School was opened in Gwaldam (UK). Two Advanced Training Schools were started for volunteers in Sarahan (HP) and Haflong (Assam). By 1990, SSB had seven Major Training Centres and seven Womens Advanced Training Schools. Civil Defence Training was imparted to the population in the border areas of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, parts of J&K, UP, North Assam, North Bengal, South Bengal and NEFA region.