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The Reserve Bank of India was set up on April 1, 1935. It is one of the few central banks to document its institutional history. So far, it has brought out four volumes of its history. Volume 1, covering the period from 1935 to 1951, was published in 1970. It details the initiatives taken to put in place a central bank for India and covers the formative years of the Reserve Bank. It highlights the challenges faced by the Reserve Bank and the Government during World War II and the post-independence era.

This period heralded an era of planned economic development in India. This volume captures the initiatives taken to strengthen, modify and develop the economic and financial structure of the country. Apart from the Reserve Banks role as the monetary authority, it highlights the endeavour to establish an institutional infrastructure for agricultural and long-term industrial credit in India. This volume succinctly covers the external payment problems faced by the country and the rupee devaluation of 1966.

On March 18, 2006, Honble Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh released the third volume of the Reserve Banks history covering the period from 1967 to 1981. An important event of this period was nationalisation of fourteen banks in 1969, leading to spread of banking in countrys hinterland. The issues of safety and prudence in banking also gained prominence. Internationally, the abandonment of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 posed serious challenges for the developing countries including India. The volume also deals with the matters of co-ordination between the Reserve Bank and the Government.